Researchers at Cedars-Sinai and collaborating institutions have identified an enzyme, UBE2N, that appears to act as a natural defense against the worsening of fatty liver disease. The study, published in Nature Metabolism, focused on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which affects an estimated 100 million Americans. About 20% to 25% of those with MASLD develop the more serious form, MASH, characterized by inflammation, cell injury, and scarring.
The team found that UBE2N levels decline in liver cells as the disease progresses. The enzyme helps clear damaged mitochondria and supports fat breakdown, protecting the liver from injury. When UBE2N was restored to normal levels in laboratory mice, the animals showed reduced fat accumulation, inflammation, and scarring. These results point to UBE2N as a potential treatment target for preventing MASLD from advancing to MASH.
Current treatment for MASH relies mainly on lifestyle changes and limited medications, with no cure available. The study's authors note that future research could test whether enhancing this protective pathway might complement existing therapies and help identify patients most likely to benefit. The findings are preclinical, and further studies will be needed before any clinical application.