ECG beat classifiers often degrade when applied to new patients or devices. Source-free adaptation methods try to adjust the model using unlabeled target data, but many assume that the target batch is class-balanced.

Real Holter and patch ECG recordings break that assumption: the label-free prefix is 87.9–98.6% normal beats. The preprint introduces normal-anchored SPD geometric transport, a source-free adaptation approach designed for this extreme imbalance.

The paper is described only in its arXiv abstract, so no comparison results are available from this source. It frames the method as a practical fix for a gap in current adaptation techniques.